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Purpose To explore the specific diagnostic markers of Sertoli cells and germ cells for testicular biopsy. Methods Normal testis from 3 patients who suffered from carcinoma of the prostate and treated with testis castration, and 15 testicular biopsy tissues were stained by EnVision two steps with WT-1, AR and Ki-67. Results The expression of WT-1 and AR protein were found in Sertoli cells from the 3 normal testis and 15 testis biopsy, the positive rate were all 100%, and non was positive in germ cells. The germ cell was positive for Ki-67, and the positive rate was 100%. Conclusions WT-1, AR and Ki-67 may be the specific diagnostic markers of Sertoli cells and germ cells for testicular biopsy, which may contribute to the diagnosis of testicular biopsy.
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Objective To improve the diagnostic ability of leukoencephalopathy with cerebral calcifications and cysts (LCC),a rare central nervous system disease.Methods The clinical manifestations,neuroimages and neuropathological features of a 19-year-old male patient were analyzed.A total of 20 cases from 14 literatures were reviewed.Results The patient was admitted with right limb weakness,cognitive decline,headache and blurred eyesight.Head CT scan showed multiple calcifications,cysts formation and leukoencephalopathy.Brain MRI showed several cysts in bilateral hemisphere,basal ganglia,thalamus and paraventricular areas.A mural nodule was noted inside one of the cyst,which was enhanced on the contrasted MRI.The wall of the cysts was partially enhanced,but not with the fluid inside the cysts.The corresponding CT calcifications foci showed on T1 and T2 with either both hyperintensity or both hypointensity,which was also partial enhanced.Extensive leukoencephalopathy was formed around the cysts and the ventricles.But neither Cho nor NAA changed a lot on MRS.Amplitude diagram of SWI series exhibited multiple round small dark signals all over the affected areas with mixed signals showed in the phase diagram,which indicated both calcifications and microbleedings at the lesions.Neuropathological examinations found no tumor cells in the operated cyst,and showed angiomatous small blood cells were dominant in the cyst wall.Hyaline degenerations,microcalcifications and hemosiderin deposition were observed.No obvious demyelination was discovered,while gliosis,numerous Rosenthal fibers and fibrinoid vascular necrosis were found around the lesions.The clinical,neuroimaging and pathological features of this patient were in accordance with the cases reported in the literatures.Conclusions Neuroimaging is the most important method for the diagnosis of LCC.As small vessel lesions are probably closely related to the pathophysiology of LCC,SWI could be recommended to further reveal the etiology of LCC.
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Objective To analyse the clinical features,imaging characteristics diversity of deep cerebral veins thrombosis (DCVT).Methods From 2004 to 2013,6 patients diagnosed as DCVT were recorded and a retrospective review of the cases were undertaken for the purpose of this analysis.Results Among the 6 patients with DCVT,4 were male and 2 were female,aged from 28 to 69 years old.The disease duration of 4 cases ranged from 2 to 7 days,remnants were 20 days and 3 months respectively.The first symptoms of 4 cases were headache,1 was feeblemindedness,and the other was hemiplegia.The secondary symptoms were disturbance of consciousness,apathy,diplopia and non-infectious fever.Non-contrast computed tomography showed low signal in the bilateral thalamus in four patients,high signal in the transverse sinus and straight sinus in one patient and high signal in torcular in one patient.Abnormal signal was found in bilateral thalamus on magnetic resonance imaging in all patients and some of them had abnormal signal in the mesencephalon or basal ganglia.The patients were definitely diagnosed as DCVT by magnetic resonance venography (MRV) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA).Among them,2 patients were confirmed by brain biopsy.Four patients were followed up with good outcome and 2 were lost to follow-up.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of DCVT are not specific.For acute-onset DCVT patients,the first symptoms are always headache and vomiting,while the main symptoms are declined cognition and slow reaction for chronic-onset ones.Along with the progress,the main symptoms of DCVT are disturbance of consciousness,psychiatric symptoms and intracranial hypertension.Changes in the bilateral thalamus and basal ganglia are especially main characteristics which are easily misdiagnosed as brain tumor according to the images.DCVT can be definitely diagnosed by no signal of deep cerebral veins on MRV or DSA.
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Objective To analyze the clinical,imaging and pathological features of cortical vein thrombosis (CoVT).Methods Three cases of cortical vein thrombosis were diagnosed in our hospital from February 2010 to October 2012.We reviewed and summarized their clinical manifestation,radiological feature and pathological characteristics.Results All patients were young with acute onset.The main clinical manifestations included headache,epilepsy or limbs weakness.Two cases had intracranial hypertension.One case had decreased activity of protein S.One had increased plasma homocysteine.Brain computed tomography scan showed hypodensity lesion with some hyperdensity inside.Cranial routine magnetic resonance imaging showed long signal in T1-weighed image and T2-weighed image,with occasional short T1 signal inside.Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed heterogeneous enhancement.All of 3 cases underwent brain biopsy because of the suspected diagnosis of brain tumor.Brain pathology showed the local necrosis and hemorrhage,dilated small vein with congestion or thrombosis.Neuronal degeneration,hyperplasia of gliocyte,hyperplasia of endotheliocyte in small blood vessels with reaction of histiocytes was also displayed.Duration from initial visit to final diagnosis was from 14 days to 2 months.Conclusions CoVT has various clinical and radiological manifestations and it is easy to misdiagnose as brain tumor.Careful analysis of clinical and imaging data could improve its diagnostic accuracy.Brain biopsy would also be helpful for diagnosis.
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Objective To discuss the efficacy and relative factors that affect the sequential therapy of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in treating severe respiratory failure.Methods We analyzed the clinical data of the patient who was hospitalized in Respiratory Department of the Sixth Hospital of Luohe on 3th February 2008.Results The patient received invasive mechanical ventilation for 4 days,then changed to mask non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for 10 days,while receiving comprehensive treatment of anti-infection and bronchial expansion,etc.Then the patient was recovered.Conclusion The sequential therapy of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in treating severe respiratory failure is effective.The efficacy depends on the optimum converting time between invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation,the choice of ventilator and the patient′s compliance.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To isolate and identify the genes related to cancer metastasis by comparison of two cell strains with different metastasis potentials subcloned from human lung giant cell carcinoma cell line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to compare the levels of gene expression between the two cell strains and SSH library was constructed. After screening the library by gene chip, the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with different expressing level were sequenced and blasted with GenBank.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy-nine genes were obtained that were expressed much higher in PLA-801D than in PLA-801C, including two full-length cDNA. GenBank Accession numbers of the two cDNA, named MAG-1 and MAG-2, were BC006236 and BC002420, the 8.5 kb MAG-1 gene was composed of four exons and located on the chromosome of 4q21. The MAG-2 gene, which was made up by 9 exons, had a length of 5.2 kb and its location was 2q35. Both sequences had open reading frames (ORF) and promoters before the theoretical transcription start points. Using special software, the secondary structure of theoretical products of the two cDNAs was prognosticated, α-helix was the main proportion, but β-pleated sheet and random coil were also included.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of MAG-1 and MAG-2 has significant differences in these two cell strains, so they might impact tumor metastasis in some ways that are still uncharted.</p>
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Objective To promote the use of chemical peeling in facial rejuvenation with the phenol and croton oil peeling agents to the UVA/B-irradiated skin of hairless mice, and to provide the experimental evidence for the clinical application of the treatment of irradiated skin.Methods Sixty BALB/C hairless mice were photo-aged by use of chronic ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B irradiation for 20 weeks. After irradiation the animals were randomly divided into two groups:untreated (10 mice) and treated (50 mice). The phenol and croton oil chemical peeling agents were applied to the dorsal skin of treated animal group while it was full anesthetized. Punch biopsies were taken at 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days after peel for histological analysis. At 60 days after irradiation, the skin wrinkling of animals were analyzed by macroscopy, cleavage line amplification, and computer imaging analysis system. Results The treated areas of irradiated skin recovered rejuvenation and exhibited a unique connective tissue layer composed of fine collagen fibers beneath the epidermis. Conclusion The mixture of phenol-croton oil may reverses the visible stigmata of photoaging skin. Our results will be of great help to promote the use of chemical peeling in facial rejuvenation.
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Objective To study the changes of skin wrinkles in hairless mice while exposed to ultraviolet. Methods The hairless mice were irradiated under long-wave ultraviolet ray (UVA), medium-frequency wave ultraviolet ray (UVB) and the combination of the two for 20 weeks. Total dose of UVA was 222J/cm~2, and that of UVB was 5.9J/ cm~2. After irradiation, the skin wrinkling of animals were analysed by the naked eye, dermatoglyphics enlarges and applied color skin system of pathologic portrait quantitative analysis. Results Control group: The hairless mice skin were fine and delicate, the ditch and ridge of skin distributed even, and had no the obvious cornification. Long wave ultraviolet ray (UVA) set: The skin was slightly rough, skin ditch and ridge distributed still even, and had no obvious cornification; quantitative analysis had no the obvious difference from that of control group. Medium-frequency wave ultraviolet ray (UVB) set: The dermatoglyphics were disorderly, and the skin ditch deepened, widened, and the skin ridge increased the breadth and obvious cornification, and quantitative analysis had obvious difference from that of control group. Long wave and medium-frequency wave ultraviolet ray (UVA+ UVB) set: The dermatoglyphics was disorderly, and the skin ditch deepened, widened, the skin ridge increased the breadth, skin cornification was more obvious, quantitative analysis had obvious difference from that of control group. Conclusions The qualitative and quantitative changes of the wrinkles in the ultraviolet irradiated skin of hairless mice are related to ultraviolet B but not to UVA. UVB is a key factor of skin wrinkling in UV-irradiation.
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Objective To study collagen changes in dermis of hairless mice that were exposed to ultraviolet. Methods The hairless mice was irradiated under UVA, UVB and the combination of the two for 20 weeks, total dose of UVA was 222J/cm~2, and that of UVB was 5.9J/cm~2. After irradiation, the dorsal skin's collagens of animals were analysed by computer imaging analysis system, histopathologic examination, specific stains and electorn microscopy. Results The hairless mice exposed to ultraviolet A were unchanged in dermis collagen. The hairless mice was irradiated under UVB and the both UVA and UVB, and the content of collagen was decreased with less affinity for collagen staining. These findings were supported by electron microscopy, which showed fraying, thickened, and proliferating collagen, coalesced into extensive denaturalization. The ratio of types Ⅲ/Ⅰ+Ⅲ collagen was significantly increased. Conclusion The qualitative and quantitative changes of the collagen in the ultraviolet irradiated skin of hairless mice are related to ultraviolet B but not to UVA. UVB is a key factor of skin collagen damage in UV-irradiation.